Rare Above Freezing Temperatures

Tuesday, 7. September 2010

What are you in to, raw vacation spots without as many tourists as the conventional areas? Destinations where they would be the first official settlers become the tourists’ motivation to go to the ends of the earth. Converging in the ice laden continent of Antarctica are the sightseers originating from New Zealand and South America. Go to this site for further information on polar travel.

 

There were only a few sealers, scientists, and explorers who have reached the continent discovered in 1820. As large as the United States and Mexico combined, it is covered by a 7,000 foot thick ice blanket so that they can only visit a few places on the partially ice free coast. When you want to get there, you need to be in a ship strong enough for ice impact and be able to sail through the stormiest seas. As a consolation, there are 24 hours of sunlight plus temperature that rarely go above freezing.

 

Reaching the south of the Antarctic Circle for the very first time is the group of 14 men and 12 women and they were also able to go the Mcmurdo Sound area, 2,000 miles south of and New Zealand. The area, made famous by British explorers who suffered untold hardship and death, is now occupied by a US Navy facility with a summer population of about 800 sailors and scientists. Consider summer in the south, it will definitely make it the winter in the Northern Hemisphere.

 

Their brief landing in 1957 allowed two airline stewardesses to be the sole women in this area. However, there were no celebrations from the Navymen at McMurdo Station when the women arrived on the continent. What the sailors saw was something that may detract them from living a year without women, a feat worth boasting about when they returned. To get a closer look on arctic ocean cruises visit this site.

 

Those from McMurdo are not as eager to see the arrival of tourist ships in January and February. Many sailors, scientists and civilian technicians here see themselves as adventurers and explorers, or feel that they have been specially selected for rigorous jobs. They see it as the adventure in Antarctica being lost with the coming of tourists. Drinks, tips, laundry and seasick pills are extra on all trips, but the travel service supplies kodachrome, red parka, warm pants and mittens.

 

Since 1955, Antarctica has been continuously occupied by American scientists and US Navy personnel who support their research. As well as the Americans, there are nine scientific stations from other nations in the continent and nearby islands. How can tourists affect the position of the Navy? Having no territorial claim mean that they have no say in who comes here, according to the commander of naval forces in Antarctica. But they can say who can and cannot come to their stations.

 

Entry is only permitted to the self supporting. But a well equipped ship helps them out with this. There is a necessity for proper safety precautions. Based on the provided operation plan, the travel agency is seen to provide much safety.

 

Aside from the first nuclear power reactor in Antarctica, a visitor can experience some drinks at the enlisted clubs here, visit the ship’s store and post exchange, or attend services at the Chapel of the Snows. Since most of them are ardent hikers, conservationists and bird watchers, they will probably head for nearby penguin rookeries, the abandoned but restored huts of earlier explorers, or places where seals, skua gulls and killer whales may be seen.

Traveling Through The Internet

Tuesday, 7. September 2010

 

Other than his love for playing outdoors and messing around on the computer, one boy also loves his Legos and penguins. Aside from seeing his beloved birds in the wild in Antarctica early next month this first grader will also see them waddle across the ice and feed their newly hatched chicks. As they venture into the Antarctic Peninsula, he and his parents will have an internationally known explorer and filmmaker along with them. Go to this site for further information on Antarctic Cruising Tours.

 

Children his age are not usually able to travel to a continent like this one. He says it’s pretty exciting, all of his friends are celebrating. Their behavior can be justified by the fact that his classmates are coming too. But they won’t be coming on the trip itself as this is costly but they will have an Internet linkup. For this trip, the live video coverage will be accessible to students from all over.

 

As part of the pilot youth program, they’ll be able to participate in live question and answer sessions on the site. Using the boy’s dispatches, teachers will heighten the learning experience by incorporating a number of grade level activities. What first graders will handle is the weather while fourth graders get geology and forces in motion will go to fifth graders.

 

This surely represents family adventure. For this trip she will be the voice of reason and this is what the mother said after commenting on how the boy loves nature so much. As said by the boy, if you have a little motivation your dreams can easily be fulfilled. Read this site if you want antarctica vacations information.

 

Webcasts are nothing new, of course. For he who has been the first to ice bike 250 miles across Antarctica, this explorer will experience this kind of interaction with kids for the first time even if he was the first American to ski to the South Pole. Though he’s traveled to the region more than a dozen times since 1999, the expeditions always focused on adult pursuits like scientific and extreme skiing. The more he went, however, the more observations he wanted to share, and what better audience than our nation’s youth’ A kids’ program was decided upon about a year ago.

 

Adventure in Antarctica is being promoted by the March of the Penguins movie and this makes the timing for this kind of trip even better. What could have brought the mother of the boy and the explorer together was serendipity. Not until a mutual friend told her about the website of the 42 year old explorer did the mother regain contact with the explorer whom she went to a local university with some years ago.

 

After the boy made his first live dispatch in the starting point of Buenos Aires, Argentina the 14 day expedition went to the south. They then boarded a 100 passenger cruise ship with travelers from Toronto passing through the Drake Passage and the Antarctic Peninsula. During the trip the 600 mile, 30 hour ride was the most perilous part for it went through the most extreme sea weather.

 

But it was within the Drake Passage that they were able to observe elephant seals, whales, and dolphins. They will transfer to rubber boats after arriving at the peninsula for now is the time that they can visit the nearby islands which are usually ice laden. Scheduled stops include scientific research stations and a few penguin rookeries. When it comes to emperor penguins, the largest among the 17 species in Antarctica and the main characters in the March of the Penguins, the explorer knows the location of their colony.

 

Learn Concerning Luxury Yacht Charters: A Getaway Proper Meant For The Gods

Tuesday, 7. September 2010

Considering of going on a actually awesome vacation? Luxury yacht charters might be simply the journey for you. Take a go back and forth to probably the most beautiful puts and see the wonders in their wealthy culture. There are quite a lot of locations to make a choice from. All you have to do is to think about your dream vacation and available luxury yacht charters would you should definitely take you there. Sail the seven seas on a glorious sailboat with a magnificent crew so one can you should definitely deal with all of your concerns and concerns.

Opting for to head on one of the crucial luxury yacht charters is such a lot better than another vacation. You get to enjoy the calm and mystique of the open sea. It’s almost like dwelling a dream. It’s both of waking up in the seashores of Greece seeing their wonderful architecture or in the wealthy coast of the Mediterranean to pattern their nice culture. No matter what your middle desires luxury yacht charters are sure to make it happen.

There are a variety of clothier yachts you’ll make a selection from. Either if it’s for a circle of relatives day trip, an organization commute or a holiday simply on your own, luxury yacht charters occur to have the yacht that most closely fits your needs. You don’t have to worry about anything else else. You deserve this one of a sort vacation.

Except for dreaming to the lull of the sea, there are numerous extra activities you can do whilst aboard the yacht. Take a plunge into the deep blue waters and experience the lifetime of a sea god. Really feel the cool run down your frame as you discover the wonders of a world you’ve got never noticed before. Luxury yacht charters also assist you to play indoor golf while you marvel at the view of the horizon. Revel in probably the most exquisite culinary creations each and every meal.

All this and extra while you check out some of the luxury yacht charters holidays available.

Gerald H. Herris

 

Vacation Choices

Monday, 6. September 2010

Although a vacation should be something easy you will find that more often than not it is a real struggle to actually choose a place to go to let alone actually then figure out everything else you need to take. Here is a little insight to what I am talking about.

 

The Destination

The first thing you need to think about is, what destination are we going to this year, it sounds simple but trust me, it isn’t. if there are a lot of you going away then that decision is a lot harder to make. If you are going away on a family you are not likely to choose something like holidays villas Moraira even if you and your partner want to do this. The kids would end up getting very bored or perhaps the flight would be to long.

 

The Clothes

Of course once the destination has been chosen you need to look into how that body is going to fit into last year’s summer clothes. new clothes will have to be beaten and if the budget is tight (a lot like last years clothes) it can be difficult thing to do. Make sure you only buy what you need. Nine times out of ten you will find that there will be washing machine or something like this in the place you are staying, especially if it is one of those Luxury villas Spain so you do not need to buy much at all.

 

if you are really taking the time with all of the steps you have to take then you are going to be fine. You are going to have some really good Spanish villa images from it as well which is great.

In the end the decisions are all yours to make, I can only be a guide for some of the things.

Get Freaked Out In Theme Parks

Monday, 6. September 2010

Believe it or not, Halloween is just around the corner. Orlando is a really great option if you’re looking to make this fall holiday truly memorable this year. Orlando is the home of the best amusement parks in the world that offer many Halloween ideas and parties that you and your kids can enjoy and remember forever.

There are a few tricks up Sea World’s sleeves this year; they are planning on passing out maps which lead to 15 different “candy” stations throughout the park so that your kid can collect as many delicious treats as possible and have a unique and non-terrifying experience. The Spooktacular events are a great place for your family to meet exciting sea critters like mermaids and octopuses. Come be a part of the interactive Halloween games, dance along with the ice witch and the roller skating break dancers to the beat of Halloween music from a rocking DJ. Don’t miss the fish and fluorescent flamingos, guaranteed to keep your family entertained.

Another can’t-miss attraction at the park will be our old faithful friends from Sesame Street who will be counting down Halloween with the likes of Elmo and Count Von Count. There will even be a special guest appearance from the Gummy Worm Wanda. You’ll find Gummy Worm Wanda wandering the streets looking to make your little one’s day. So don’t forget to dress your kids in Halloween costumes, and parents are encouraged too! Disney World is another of Orlando’s world-class amusement parks which is offering a kid-friendly spooky Halloween party.

Join Mickey on his spookiest holiday party up to date where your kids can go trick-or-treat around the Magic Kingdom and have the pleasure of meeting world famous Disney characters. To end the night, at the conclusion of Mickey’s party, it will all end with a bang with an amazing fireworks display and a special holiday parade. There are also Halloween gifts galore and other shopping options around the park including Mickey stores for family souvenirs and vacation memorabilia. Each ticket purchase provides a wrist band that gives access to special events; annual pass holders are eligible for discounts and advanced purchasers can get deals for acquiring tickets by a particular date. If you are looking forward to a ‘terrifying’ experience, then Horror nights at Universal Studios is the place for you. This premier theme park horror event is known to attract diehard horror fans from across the world that will have their thrill-seeking thirst satisfied. Many of its popular highlights are a tie between the haunted houses and the Horror Night mazes where fans are equally pleased and terrified by the ‘horror’ factor. Other scary places that are a must to creep in to are the Intense scare zones and Bill and Ted’s Excellent Halloween Adventure.

Rumor has it that this year’s Halloween season at Universal Studios will make all the past years seem “like nothing” compared to what they are preparing for this year. Use caution before bringing children as Universal Studios even recommends on its websites that some material in Horror Nights may be too explicit for the younger ones.

No matter if you’re looking to let your kids scare the fishes, pull a “trick” on Mickey, or if you and the adults want to have the lights scared out of you at Universal, Orlando is truly the place to be this year. While you’re in Orlando, there are many choices for lodging accommodations, thousands of beautiful hotels, and hundreds of resorts such as The Fountains, a luxurious resort and Bluegreen vacation club. Come enjoy the sun and get spooked out!

You Need Help To See All The Arthropods That Live In The Antarctic Region

Sunday, 5. September 2010

The tiny pink mite, measuring 1/100th of an inch in length, is the farthest southern living animal recorded. This wee creature eats algae and fungi and resembles a spider. The tiny mite was found near the South Pole, only 309 miles from it, by a Hawaiian entomologist recently. Amazingly, this same scientist found lichens only 266 miles from the South Pole.  This is as far south as any living organism has been found. Go to this site for further information on travel to antarctica.

 

One popular magazine states that only insects and relatives of insects live permanently in Antarctica. You can’t see them by yourself, but with the help of microscopes and the like, 56 arthropod species have been located. The biggest measures about the same as a horsefly, and is a wingless fly. During the severe winters, the animals hibernate, but when the air reaches the melting point of water, thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit, they come back to life.

 

In utter contrast to the seemingly barren land, the waters around Antarctica abound with life from microscopic in size up to the largest living thing any where on our planet, blue whales. At one point, scientists used a steel chamber to access the world beneath the water.  It measured 6 by 4 feet in size. The professionals each took turns climbing into the make-shift lab, and looked out the windows at the dark, cold world around them. A hydrophone was included in the design so that ocean sounds could be recorded.

 

Pulling its thirty foot tentacles behind it, a jelly fish passed the windows.  The scientists didn’t see many other fish. For the most part, there were an abundance of seals playfully swimming in the sea, alternating between peeking at the chamber and breathing through an ice hole. Via the hydrophone, the scientists could hear the seals buzzing, chirping and whistling. This was a din that hadn’t ever been heard, according to one scientist. Visit this site for further information on cruise to antarctica.

 

Weddell seals are typically thought to navigate and communicate using those series of sounds. Navigation theories are supported by the difficult nature of finding both air holes and food in Antarctic. Seal sounds are being investigated. Some of the sounds can’t even be heard by human ears.

 

It’s still unknown the method by which the sounds are made by the seals. Underwater finds the seals with sealed nostrils and mouths. Scientists have used depth gauges to track seals to depths of 1,500 feet.  This is a record for all mammals. Their lung capacity is also great, one seal waiting a half hour before needing to emerge from the water. One scientist was able to get samples of a mother seal’s milk. This milk is extremely high in fat, and allows baby seals to gain weight very rapidly. Newborn seals can multiply their weight five times in just six weeks.

 

The Antarctic seas were probed by scientists in frogman diving suits. They found red seaweed, as well as other seaweed, growing on the bottom. Scientists also found red and white species of starfish in addition to large sponges and very long worms.

Plato And Writings About Atlantis

Sunday, 5. September 2010

 

A lost island that is the Atlantis empire has been speculated upon in numerous books and films. Part of the enchantment comes from where it is and what it was. But this is a statement of fact  360 BC was when the Greek philosopher Plato wrote about Atlantis in two of his essays, Timaeus and Critias, and since then professional researchers and amateur sleuths have been fascinated by it. A topic like this translates to 438 titles from an online bookstore. One full feature movie released by the Disney company was Atlantis The Lost Empire. As a person looking for antarctic cruise you should visit that site.

 

It would be a wondrous feat for Plato to make something like Atlantis up, a sacred island beholding the sunlight not to mention one that brings about a fair abundance, according to the scholars who were also believers. What will it take to find out the truth about Plato and Atlantis? The truth to Atlantis was not revealed for Plato died about twelve years after introducing it.

 

But Solon, the historian Plato quotes about Atlantis, certainly was a real person. As said by skeptics, Plato might have been fooled by Solon’s made up tale. In the belief of some people, Plato was someone who is completely handicapped when it comes to providing much detail as that given with the subject of Atlantis despite his high intellect and so he could not have been the one who thought up the rings where the royal palace and the cities were situated as well as the statues not to mention the bath houses that were there.

 

It is puzzling to conceptualize how long of a period of time Atlantis could have probably existed for Plato said that it was destroyed in 9000 BC but the kind of advancement it has can easily create nuclear bombs not to mention flying machines that take lifetimes to develop. The exact location of Atlantis is another mystery. Devastated by a volcano in 1470 BC was Thira, the place said to have housed Atlantis. Read this site if you want cruises to antartica information.

 

Atlantis could also have been located around the Azores in the Atlantic off the coast of Spain. New underwater ruins discovered by people are frequently linked to possible Atlantis natures. Certainly, lots of European explorers sailed around the world using maps that had Atlantis located in some place or another.

 

Scientists developed wondrous flying machines from the skin of the elephants that were numerous there, and they explored the entire world. Off of the coast of Bimini was where Atlantis was also said to have been located. After the destruction, there were still a number of survivors. By ending up in Egypt, these survivors shared their expertise with the rest of the world. Contained inside the Great Sphinx in a secret chamber are traces of Atlantis.

 

Covering Antarctica in 4000 BC was ice. Prior to that, either an underground explosion happened or there was a seismic upheaval. Most of these were capable of destroying entire civilizations. There was an author who said that he did extensive research about Atlantis before he wrote about it and he discovered that it existed off of the Atlantic Ocean. The untimely demise came about after a nuclear explosion hit. The Atlanteans developed nuclear weapons just as we did. Nuclear explosions during the civil war in Atlantis eliminated them from the history books.

 

Arrival Of Tourists Means More Environmental Threats In Antarctica

Sunday, 5. September 2010

The tough features of Antarctica, such as ice, snow, isolation, high winds and raging seas are still not enough for many tourists, especially the hardcore adventurers will be coming in aboard cruise liners this coming tourist season, except around 130 of these visitors. The difference of this total to last year may only be 400 travelers, nonetheless, this is a great jump of 70 percent compared to the past 6,585 tourist seasons which also ran from mid November and through the month of February. Most watchers of Antarctica are worried about its environmental state and warns that there could be more visitors wanting to come in. Go to this site for further information on holidays papua new guinea.

 

Twenty thousand dollars gets one person a cruise to Antarctica, but he will have to also shoulder his 14 day cruise that costs a hefty six to seven thousand dollars and of course, a round trip ticket as he will have to depart from Ushuaia Argentina’s Tierra del Fuego, where 90 percent of voyagers originate. But while Antarctica appears insulated from tourist hordes because of cost and its formidable geography and climate, some environmentalists contend that it may already have reached its capacity to absorb tourists without suffering lasting ecological damage.

 

While the director of the Antarctic Project believes that Antarctica must be seen by the world for its great beauty, limits on the number of yearly visitors as well as the exploration of new sites must be imposed. Forty various countries containing 200 or more environmental teams use this as their secretariat for the Washington based initiative. There is still harm in the fact that people heading to Antarctica come back committed to its conservation as this is a very fragile land and there can sometimes be too many visitors flooding in most of who are getting to love it too much.

 

A major concern of this director, who favors a limit of 6,000 visitors a year, is that most tourists visit the same few places on the 800 mile long Antarctic Peninsula, which has the continent’s biggest concentration of penguins, seals and birds. Although tour groups, at a time, rarely exceed a hundred visitors stepping on land. It is so bad that animals get disrupted when there are visitors for they cannot get food for themselves or for their young and they are also not able to rest. To get a closer look on papua new guinea travel guide visit this site.

 

But when it comes to a long term effect, not even science can answer that, she notes. Among the growing concerns of watchers are the fact that tourists will touch plants and not dispose garbage properly. The numbers of experienced staffs make sure that as tourists go ashore, minimal environmental impact is caused by tourists and this is also the reason why tour operators abide by Antarctic Treaty system pattered guidelines. That series of agreements includes the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, since signed by 43 nations, plus environmental protocol that since Jan 14, 1998, has banned mining and oil drilling and provided other environmental safeguards, including fishing limits and occasional Antarctic cruises.

 

The members of the tour association based in New York City have agreed to abide by the 100 person promulgation applicable to shore visits, where zodiacs, small motorized rubber boats are utilized. Of the 15 vessels in Antarctica this season, nine fly Russian flags. The breakup of the Soviet Union made a number of small ships available, to tour operators. Forty to eighty passengers can be accommodated in those ships whose hulls are hardened against ice, vessels that also include an icebreaker. Now, we see how obvious the problems of Antarctica keeps concerning more and more parties. We can only wait for the day in the future when, looking back, we would be so relieved that our worries were in vain. But for now, as science has not come up with the solutions yet, let us take it on ourselves to limit our travels to the Earth’s last frontier.

The Resources You Can Only Find In Antarctica

Sunday, 5. September 2010

 

As it offers numerous chances for research that do not exist anywhere else on earth, Antarctica has been designated a continent for the use of international science. The most recognized detail of Antarctica may be the giant ice sheet.  It almost covers the entire continent and then goes out into the ocean for hundreds of miles, too. As big as the entire state of Texas, Ross Ice Shelf is the grandest of them all. The front of this ice shelf is moving forward at the rate of about 1800 feet annually. Go to this site for further information on polar travel.

 

Holding almost 90 percent of all the ice on earth, this continent contains about two percent of all the water on our globe. Sea level is kept in place because of the stability of the great inland ice. If this ice should completely melt, the disastrous effects would cross the globe.  Seaports would disappear, and coastlines would certainly change.

 

If all this ice were to melt, then the sea level would go up by a minimal of 250 feet. So, it is important for studies to be conducted on the present stability of the ice of Antarctica. It doesn’t really matter if the shelf is moving forward or backward. Providing geophysical history for over a million years is one aspect of the ice shelf.

 

Ice layers and snow contains information from the past on nuclear explosions, the utilization of lead in gasoline, and the first major lead smelting. Measurements have been taken regarding the concentration of typical lead which precipitated over the surface of the ice during the prior 60 years. Because we have burned leaded gasoline, the decomposed lead alkyls have created an increase in the lead concentration on the surface of the ice, and these levels have been increasing steadily over the last ten years. A quick look at the serious nature of pollution can be seen with this issue. You can get the best artic cruise information by visiting this website.

 

Some penguins, fish and seals from Antarctica showed traces of DDT, but the ice shelf itself did not. What’s fascinating is that we can even date the particles that have fallen from space by their location in the several layers of ice. Predictions could be offered for the types and quantity of particles that space vehicles will contact, assuming additional research demonstrated that such particles have a repeating pattern.

 

Because of the conditions, lichens make up the majority of the vegetation. Land animals are found there, too.  The most common are mites and springtails. The biggest of these land animals is the wingless fly, in fact you will find no flying insects at all. Oceans around Antarctica house the Weddell seal, the mammal who travels the farthest south, and a flightless penguin. The Weddell seal can stay underwater for thirty minutes and dive up to 1500 feet, amazing scientists.

 

All along the Antarctic coastline, you can find the Adelie penguins who nest where there is no ice. Their incredible abilities to navigate by the sun and their biological clock determining the seasons allow them to migrate with amazing accuracy. Amazingly, three Adelies took only ten months to travel the 2400 miles back to their rookery. A few of them were taken by airplane to the South Pole and then let go. After they were released, the viewed their surrounds, looked for the sun’s location and then set course for home.

 

The largest creature to live on this planet can found near Antarctica. More than five times bigger than any dinosaur, the great blue whale needs one ton of shrimp to eat each day. Antarctic waters boast the distinction of containing more species of fish than the Arctic ocean. Over ninety percent of bottom-dwelling fish found in the Antarctic are not found elsewhere.  This is a strong indication of the importance of the Antarctic Convergence.

 

Plato And Writings About Atlantis

Sunday, 5. September 2010

A lost island that is the Atlantis empire has been speculated upon in numerous books and films. Part of the enchantment comes from where it is and what it was. But this is a statement of fact  360 BC was when the Greek philosopher Plato wrote about Atlantis in two of his essays, Timaeus and Critias, and since then professional researchers and amateur sleuths have been fascinated by it. A topic like this translates to 438 titles from an online bookstore. One full feature movie released by the Disney company was Atlantis The Lost Empire. As a person looking for antarctic cruise you should visit that site.

 

It would be a wondrous feat for Plato to make something like Atlantis up, a sacred island beholding the sunlight not to mention one that brings about a fair abundance, according to the scholars who were also believers. What will it take to find out the truth about Plato and Atlantis? The truth to Atlantis was not revealed for Plato died about twelve years after introducing it.

 

But Solon, the historian Plato quotes about Atlantis, certainly was a real person. As said by skeptics, Plato might have been fooled by Solon’s made up tale. In the belief of some people, Plato was someone who is completely handicapped when it comes to providing much detail as that given with the subject of Atlantis despite his high intellect and so he could not have been the one who thought up the rings where the royal palace and the cities were situated as well as the statues not to mention the bath houses that were there.

 

It is puzzling to conceptualize how long of a period of time Atlantis could have probably existed for Plato said that it was destroyed in 9000 BC but the kind of advancement it has can easily create nuclear bombs not to mention flying machines that take lifetimes to develop. The exact location of Atlantis is another mystery. Devastated by a volcano in 1470 BC was Thira, the place said to have housed Atlantis. Read this site if you want cruises to antartica information.

 

Atlantis could also have been located around the Azores in the Atlantic off the coast of Spain. New underwater ruins discovered by people are frequently linked to possible Atlantis natures. Certainly, lots of European explorers sailed around the world using maps that had Atlantis located in some place or another.

 

Scientists developed wondrous flying machines from the skin of the elephants that were numerous there, and they explored the entire world. Off of the coast of Bimini was where Atlantis was also said to have been located. After the destruction, there were still a number of survivors. By ending up in Egypt, these survivors shared their expertise with the rest of the world. Contained inside the Great Sphinx in a secret chamber are traces of Atlantis.

 

Covering Antarctica in 4000 BC was ice. Prior to that, either an underground explosion happened or there was a seismic upheaval. Most of these were capable of destroying entire civilizations. There was an author who said that he did extensive research about Atlantis before he wrote about it and he discovered that it existed off of the Atlantic Ocean. The untimely demise came about after a nuclear explosion hit. The Atlanteans developed nuclear weapons just as we did. Nuclear explosions during the civil war in Atlantis eliminated them from the history books.